- This is our planet's hothouse. The jungle.
这是我们地球上的温室-丛林 - The tropical rainforest.
即热带雨林 - Forests like these occupy only three percent of the land
雨林虽然仅占陆地的百分之三 - yet they're home to over half of the world's species.
却汇集了世界上一半以上的物种. - But how do so many different kinds of plants and animals find the space here to live alongside one another?
那么如此众多的动植物种类 是如何获得自己的生存空间的呢? - On the dark, humid forest floor
在幽暗的森林地表上 - the jungle appears to be lifeless.
看上去毫无生气 - Often the only signs of life are what you hear.
只听到各种生物的鸣叫 - A male blue bird of paradise is advertising for a mate.
这只雄性蓝极乐鸟正在做征婚广告 - It's quite a performance but he's not the only bird of paradise here keen to make an impression.
它的表演很精彩, 不过它并不是唯一给人深刻印象的极乐鸟 - There are nearly forty different kinds on the island of New Guinea
在巴布亚新几内亚岛上大约有40种不同种类的极乐鸟 - each with a display seemingly more bizarre than the rest.
每一种都有令人惊异的外表 - A riflebird of paradise.
来♥福♥枪♥极乐鸟 - Like many jungle animals, birds of paradise avoid competing with each other
像其他的丛林动物一样,极乐鸟也尽量避免相互竞争 - and these do so by living in different parts of this jungle covered island.
因此,它们生活在这个丛林岛屿的不同地方 - The six plumed bird of paradise displays in his special clearing, on the forest floor.
六羽极乐鸟正在它的森林地表的舞台上跳独特的舞步 - The magnificent bird of paradise favors the low branches of bushes.
华丽极乐鸟喜欢呆在低矮的灌木丛上 - His female is modestly dressed.
雌鸟却穿着朴素的衣服 - The male has a good set of lungs
雄华丽极乐鸟有着嘹亮的歌声 - but he'll have to do more than flutter his eyelids, if he wants to impress her.
但要给雌鸟留下好印象的话它还需要加倍的努力 - It'll all depend on his performance.
全依赖于它的表演 - The females may be dull looking but they're very picky
雌鸟满是怀疑地看着它因为她非常挑剔 - and it's time for a really close inspection.
不过这次她已经准备好了亲密接触 - His right side looks fine... but what about his left?
他的右边看上去不错,左边呢? - Pretty impressive, but is he magnificent enough?
印象非常深刻,他够不够华丽呢? - Oh dear.
哦,天 - Her departure says it all.
她的离去说明了一切 - Generations of choosy females have driven the evolution of these remarkable displays.
一代代追求异性的动力 促使他们进化出了不平凡的外表 - The more extravagant a male is, the more likely he'll be noticed.
越是与众不同就越能引起注意 - New Guinea lies in a warm tropical belt that girdles our planet around the equator.
新几内亚岛地处热带,赤道从岛中穿过 - With abundant rainfall and twelve hours of daylight
大量的降雨和每天12小时的日照 - three hundred and sixty five days a year, it's here that rainforests flourish.
一年365天天天如此,造就了这里茂密的雨林 - Surprisingly only two percent of the sunlight filters down to the forest floor.
只有百分之二的阳光能够照射到雨林的地表上 - Down here seedlings struggle to grow
在这里,秧苗奋力向上生长 - but the gloom is not eternal.
只为摆脱黑暗束缚 - The death of a forest giant is always sading
雨林中树木的死亡虽然令人伤感 - but it has to happen if the forest is to remain healthy.
但若保持雨林的健康这种事情必须要发生. - The sudden blaze of sunlight will bring life to the forest floor.
太阳一瞬间的光辉也能给森林地表带来生命 - A single hectare of rainforest may contain as many as 250 species of tree. That's nearly ten times the number that grow in Britain
一公顷雨林就可以容纳250种不同的树木 为英国的10倍 - and the thirst for light triggers a race for a place in the sun.
对阳光的渴望引发了这场生长竞赛 - There's no time to waste.
没有时间去浪费 - A seed that may have fallen only a few days ago, now bursts through the leaf litter.
几天前才落下的种子突然破土而出 - With so many competitors, getting a good start is critical
在这么多的竞争者面前 有一个好的开始非常重要 - but each plant has it's own particular strategy for making the most of this rare opportunity.
在这个难得的机会面前 每种植物都有自己非常独特的生长方式 - The seeds of hardwoods are quick to germinate
阔叶木发芽速度虽然不慢 - but, like the fabled tortoise, their strategy is to be slow and steady.
不过它们的策略还是稳扎稳打 - Vines and other climbers put all their energy into rapid vertical growth, rather than girth
蔓生植物和攀爬植物一样 把全部的力量用于垂直生长,而不是横向生长 - though they'll need to be well supported.
尽管需要很好的对象支撑其生长 - The climbers' strategy looks chaotic but there's method in their madness.
对这些蔓生植物来说,疯长是它们唯一的思想 - Their growing tips circle like lassoes, searching out anchors for their spindly stems.
它们的生长锥如套索般圆形移动 来寻找可以攀援的物体. - They put coils in their tendrils so that if their support moves, they will stretch and not snap.
因此向支撑的树移动时 它们会伸展而不会断裂 - But the frontrunners at this stage, the first to fill the clearing, are pioneers like the macaranga.
在这个舞台的其他地方 第一个长满地面的就是血桐等大戟科植物 - Their immense leaves capture huge amounts of sunlight,
它的大叶子捕捉了相当多的阳光 - so fueling their growth.
所以加速了它的生长 - As a result the macarangas grow a remarkable eight meters a year
结果是,这种血桐一年能长8米, - surging ahead of almost all their rivals.
几乎超越所有竞争者 - In the race for the top sport hundreds will start
在这个长高比赛上 - yet few will ever reach the finishing line,
众多的运动员中只有少数可以冲过终点 - their growth cut short by the diminishing light.
大部分的植物因为缺少阳光而生长缓慢 - In less than four years,
在接下来的至少4年时间里 - the gap will have gone
地表将暗无天日 - but that's not the end of the race.
但比赛还没有结束 - The ultimate winners are the tortoises, the slow and steady hardwoods.
最后的胜利者是这些长得又稳又慢的阔叶树 - When the short lived pioneers have fallen, it's the hardwoods that take their place,
短命的先锋植物衰败的时候 阔叶树就取代了它们的位置 - and a fifty meter giant, like this one, may keep it's place in the sun for another two hundred years.
这颗50米高的树将在剩下的200年里汲取阳光 - At the top, is the canopy, the engine room of the jungle.
雨林的顶部是树冠层--雨林的动力室 - It's up here that most of the animal life in the rainforest can be found
在这里也可以找到大量的雨林动物 - But despite the apparent abundance of vegetable food,
显而易见的原因是这里有丰富的蔬果 - gathering it is seldom easy.
尽管这样,收集食物也不容易 - With no real seasons
因为没有明显的季节变化 - each tree flowers or fruits at a different time of the year
树木全年不同时候都可以开花结果 - which means that food is very widely spaced.
食物就相当广泛了 - Monkeys, like these tamarinds, must search the canopy for all kinds of food if they're to survive.
绢毛猴为了生存到处寻找树冠层的食物 - but across the world's rainforests
遍寻世界的雨林 - there's one type of fruiting tree that always delivers: the fig.
只有一种植物一整年都会结果 无花果树 - Wherever they grow, figs are a magnet for the great diversity of animals.
不管怎样 无花果树是造成生物多样性的一个重要原因 - In the Amazon,
在亚马逊 - the first to appear are the spider monkeys.
第一个映入眼帘的是蜘蛛猴 - These large primates are big fig eaters
这些灵长类动物最爱吃无花果 - But they won't have the tree to themselves for long. Others will want a share.
但他们也不会轻易享受下去,还有猴子在觑觎着. - like the diminutive emperor tamarinds.
这些长须犭胥(也叫帝髭獠狨)也想霸占无花果树 - The tamarinds love figs too,
犭胥猴虽然也爱吃无花果 - but being petite means they're easily scared off.
但因长得细小也很容易受到惊动 - Squirrel monkeys are also small
松鼠猴也很细小 - but they have strength in numbers.
但他们以数量取胜 - Their timeshare on the tree may be short, so their tactics are more smash and grab.
他们在树上分享的时光可能很短 所以尽量多抓东西来吃 - Capuchin monkeys are the bully boys in these forests
卷尾猴恃强凌弱 - and they want the ripe figs for themselves.
他们也来抢夺无花果 - Figs are one of the few trees that fruit the year round
无花果树是少数全年结果的树种之一 - so when other food is scarce, these fruits are always available somewhere or other.
所以当其他食物缺乏的时候,无花果树仍然会有果实 - Even for leaf eaters, like howler monkeys the ripe figs are just too good to miss.
即使对吃叶子的吼猴来说无花果实也是不能错过的, - And howlers are too big for the capuchins to chase off.
这些大猴子就不是卷尾猴所能赶走的了 - Figs are so popular, that as many as 44 different kinds of bird and monkey have been seen working a shift system on a single tree.
无花果树非常受欢迎 甚至可以吸引多达44种的不同鸟类猴类来交替进食 - Because fruiting trees are so valuable,
因为结果实的树很宝贵 - many monkeys are territorial
许多猴子都有自己的领地 - And if you live in the treetops there's perhaps no better way of staking your claim to a territory, than this.
如果你居住在树顶上 那么可能没有比这种声明领土主权更好的方法了 - The calls of the siamang gibbons begin as a duet between the dominant male and female.
合趾猴通过叫声来联系公猴和母猴 - The rest of their families soon join in, and it results in a frenzy of activity.
家庭的其他成员也加入进来,猴群开始活跃起来 - The calls can carry over a mile,
他们的叫声超过1英里远 - and their message is clear.
传递的信息也相当明确 - They tell any neighboring siamangs this is our territory. Keep out.
他们在告诉其他的合趾猴邻居 这是我们的领地,非请勿进! - Up here the calls of siamang gibbons seem to dominate the airwaves
合趾猴通过声音广播来统治领土 - but with the jungle's incredible diversity there are countless others trying to be heard too.
可在雨林这个物种多样的国度里, 还可听到更多的声音. - Every layer seems to beat to a different tune.
森林的每一层都有不同的曲调 - In the early morning
在清早 - the forest's chorus is particularly rich.
森林合唱团特别热闹 - Sounds travel further in the cooler air
声音在冷空气中传的更远一些 - But few calls can penetrate as far through the dense vegetation as this one the deep bass solo of a male orangutan.
有的叫声可以穿透密密的植被 例如这只,重低音独奏--雄红毛猩猩 - In the middle of the day little stirs in the jungle and the hot dense air muffles the sound.
时近中午,声音稀少, 雨林中湿热的空气也阻挡了声音的传送 - As the afternoon wears on,
午后, - a different set of players begin to warm up.
各种声音又开始活跃起来 - Insects work in harmony, timing their calls to fall between the notes of others.
昆虫鸣得很和协, 他们按照时间规律来互相传达着信息 - Many singers stick to precise schedules
许多歌唱家都严格按照日程表来 - and right on cue the six o'clock cicada.
蝉很准时的在六点钟开始鸣叫 - Night brings out a whole new orchestra.
夜晚带来了新的管弦乐章 - The cacophony of competing calls seems deafening to us
刺耳的声音震耳欲聋 - but frogs ears are tuned to hear only the calls of their own kind.
可蛙类只能听到同类的声音 - The songs of courtship echo from all around.
蛙求爱的声音此起彼伏 - Male gliding leaf frogs leap from the treetops.
雄性红眼叶蛙,正从树顶下落 - To slow their descent, they use their huge webbed feet as parachutes.
在慢镜头下,可以看到它们用自己巨大的蹼趾控制方向 如同降落伞 - These large tree frogs
这些大树蛙 - spend most of their lives in the high canopy and only come down when it's time to breed.
大部分时间在高高的树冠层生活 只有在交配繁殖时期才会下来 - Once settled, they begin to serenade their unseen females.
站定之后,他们开始给还没出现的雌蛙唱小夜曲 - Now it's time for the females to make their move.
现在是雌蛙展开行动的时候了 - There's no shortage of suitors, but this female has already made her choice.
虽然不乏众多的求爱者 可这只雌蛙已经做出了决定 - She's heading towards the loudest call, because loud calls come from big frogs and big is best,
她在朝鸣声最大的雄蛙走去, 对雌蛙来讲雄蛙叫得大声就是美 - but to reach him she must run the gauntlet of a gang of smaller suitors.
雌蛙要赶过去的话 她必须面对一帮较小的追求者的猛烈攻击 - Their only chance of mating is to make a sneaky interception.
那些雄蛙的交配机会就是鬼鬼祟祟地进行偷袭. - He's scored.
这只雄蛙得手了 - But with more females arriving all the time,
有更多的雌蛙正在往那边赶去 - it's not over until the fat frog stops singing.
雌蛙们不会停止移动 除非大雄蛙停止歌唱 - Feet, so vital for gliding, are now put to other uses.
脚蹼用来滑翔 也可以用来干别的事情. - Two's company, three's inconvenient
两只情侣其乐融融,三只就多有不便了. - but in any case, all male frogs are equipped with dry thumbs
无论如何,雄蛙都需要用干燥的脚趾 - which enable them to get a vice like grip on their moist partners.
如老虎钳般紧紧抓住雌蛙湿润的皮肤 - It's a case of first come first served.
先来先得 - Living in such a humid environment,
在这种潮湿的环境下生活 - means jungle frogs are less tied to puddles and pools
使得树蛙可以摆脱水塘的束缚 - and these even lay their eggs out of water.
因此它们无需在水中产卵 - There's little chance of them drying out
卵干♥死♥的几率很小 - and up here they're safer from predators.
在这里,也能免于被掠食者吃掉 - Surprisingly, it doesn't rain every day in the rainforest
雨林虽然不是天天下雨 - but more still falls here than anywhere else on Earth.
但是这里仍然比地球上其他地方下的多 - On average, over two meters a year.
平均年降水量可达2米 - A single tree can suck up hundreds of tons of water each year
一棵树每年可吸收几百吨的水 - But the trees can't use all this water so, much of it returns to the air as vapor, forming mist and clouds.
不过树也无法全部喝掉这些水, 多数被转换成了水蒸气从而形成了薄雾和云 - In the Amazon,
在亚马逊 - the largest unbroken stretch of rainforest in the world,
世界上最大的原始森林 - half of all the rainwater that falls, comes from clouds produced by the trees themselves.
有半数的降水被树木 再次转变成云和降水并循环使用 - With so much rain, it's not surprising that many of the worlds largest rivers are found in rainforests.
有这么多的降水量 世界上多数的大河都在雨林里产生也就不足为奇了 - Inside the forest,
雨林深处 - the high humidity creates the perfect conditions for a strange world, where life is built on decay.
十分潮湿的环境非常适合一些生命在腐殖质上生长 - Amoeba like slime molds cruise the surface, feeding on bacteria and rotting vegetation.
象这种粘菌类变形虫正在地表上巡航 它们以细菌和地衣为生 - Fungi also flourish on decay.
真菌类也以腐殖质为生 - These are the fruiting bodies of the fungi,
这些仅仅是真菌的一个子实体 - the only visible sign of a vast underground network of fungal filaments.
看不见的地表下还有它的广大的菌丝网络 - In temperate forests, the buildup of leaf litter creates rich stores of nutrients.
在温带森林里, 落叶形成的腐殖质层可以贮藏养分 - That however, doesn't happen here.
可是这里不会发生这种事 - Nutrients that reach the soil are leeched out by the rain
土壤中的养分会被雨水冲走 - but fungi are connected to tree roots by their underground filaments and by quickly consuming the dead
真菌用地下菌丝连接在树根上 它们很快吃掉死植物 - they help to recycle crucial minerals straight back into the trees.
真菌因此帮助树木直接供给树木所需的矿物质 - And this recycling happens faster here,
这种生态循环的速度 - than anywhere else on the planet.
比地球上其他地方要快得多 - There are thought to be nearly a million different types of fungi in the tropics.
据说热带雨林里有近百万种菌类 - The vast majority still unknown to science
但具体数量仍然无人知晓 - But one thing's for certain
一点可以确信 - without fungi, rainforests could not exist.
没有菌类就没有雨林 - Nothing goes to waste in the rainforest.
雨林里的一切都不能浪费 - The fungi become food for others like these beetle larvae.
象这种甲虫及幼虫就以菌类为食 - Finding the fungus isn't a problem for the grubs since their caring parents actually show them the way.
幼虫寻找菌类当然比较困难 不过在父母的领引下不费吹灰之力 - Incredibly, 80% of all insects live in jungles
令人惊异的是, 地球上有80%的昆虫居住在雨林里 - fewer more successful than the ants. There can be 8 million individuals in a single hectare.
蚂蚁是雨林昆虫中的佼佼者 每公顷可达800万只 - but jungle ants don't have it all their own way.
不过雨林是不会让它们任意逍遥的 - These bullet ants are showing some worrying symptoms.
这只子弹蚁正在现出令人担忧的症状 - Spores from a parasitic fungus called cordyceps
一种叫做虫草的寄生菌的孢子 - have infiltrated their bodies and their minds.
已经侵入了它的身心 - It's infected brain directs this ant upwards
寄生孢子直接入侵大脑 - then, utterly disorientated, it grips a stem with it's mandibles.
失去了方向感的子弹蚁只好用下颚咬住茎 - Those afflicted, that are discovered by the workers are quickly taken away and dumped far away from the colony.
这些病蚁迅速被工蚁发现 并把它弄到了远离巢穴的地方 - It seems extreme, but this is the reason why.
这看上去有些极端,不过不是没有道理的 - Like something out of science fiction
有几分像科幻小说 - the fruiting body of the cordyceps erupts from the ant's head.
虫草的子实体从蚂蚁脑袋里长出来 - It can take three weeks to grow
3个星期的生长期 - and when finished, the deadly spores will burst from it's tip
长成后,孢子将从蚂蚁的头顶脱落 - then, any ant in the vicinity will be in serious risk of death.
然后,附近的蚂蚁将面临死亡的威胁 - The fungus is so virulent, it can wipe out whole colonies of ants
这种剧毒的菌类足以杀死整个蚂蚁群落 - and it's not just ants that fall victim to this killer.
而且它们杀死的不仅仅是蚂蚁 - There are literally thousands of different types of cordyceps fungi
大约有1千种不同的有毒寄生菌 - and remarkably, each specializes on just one species
而且它们都归属于同一物种 - but these attacks do have a positive effect on the jungle's diversity.
这种攻击对雨林生物多样性起肯定作用 - Since parasites like these stop any one group of animal getting the upper hand.
这种寄生虫能阻止某种生物种群的优势 - The more numerous a species becomes, the more likely it'll be attacked by it's nemesis a cordyceps fungus.
越多的物种产生,就会遭到越多的寄生菌攻击 - With so much competition,
在激烈的竞争环境下 - jungles have become the home of the specialist.
雨林也变成了许多非常特别的动物的家 - Now this animal, in the island of Borneo, is one of the most unusual.
这种动物在婆罗洲上是非常特别的一种 - It's a colugo, or flying lemur,
这种会飞的"狐猴"叫做鼯猴 - though this is something of a misnomer as it doesn't actually fly and it certainly isn't a lemur
不过它不属于狐猴,因为狐猴不会飞 - in fact nobody's quite sure who it's closest relative is.
实际上很难确认它到底属于那种动物 - The colugo depends on a diet of young leaves
鼯猴靠吃嫩叶生存, - and to find enough of them, it must move from tree to tree.
为了吃到足够的嫩叶,它必须在树与树之间移动 - The leaves are not very nutritious,
嫩叶营养虽不丰富 - but then, getting around doesn't use much energy.
但在雨林里毫不费力就可以轻易找到 - In a single night, a colugo might have to travel as far as two miles
在一个晚上,鼯猴可以穿行2英里的路程 - but that task is made easier by it's superior gliding skills.
利用它的滑翔技能完成这个任务相当简单 - The secret of success in the competitive jungle is specializing
在激烈的雨林竞争中取得胜利需要一些秘密手段 - and this has led to the evolution of some very intimate relationships between plants and animals.
这让一些生物在动植物之间进化出了非常的关系 - These are pitcher plants also from Borneo.
这是婆罗洲的猪笼草(又名捕虫草) - Adapted to living in very low nutrient soils
为了适应营养稀缺的土壤 - the pitcher plant gets most of it's nourishment from insects lured to nectar glands on the underside of the lids.
这种象瓶子状的植物 用内侧唇瓣蜜腺分泌物来吸引昆虫 - Once onboard, the waxy sides of the pitcher ensure there's little chance of escape.
当昆虫被引诱过来时 光滑的内侧唇瓣使得昆虫鲜有机会逃跑 - Most slip to a watery grave.
多数淹死在这个水坟中... - At the bottom of the pitcher glands secrete enzymes which help to digest the corpses,
猪笼草底部是种神秘的生化酶,帮助消化猎物 - so feeding the plant.
给猪笼草提供养料 - But not all visitors have a fatal attraction to the pitchers.
但并不是所有的来访者都遭此噩运 - The red crab spider spends it's entire life in the pitchers,
红蟹蜘蛛终身生活在猪笼草里 - hanging on with threads of silk.
它们用丝线吊住自己 - Instead of building a web, it relies on the water filled pitcher to trap it's food.
它直接以掉入猪笼草陷阱的虫子为生 而不用去织网 - When an ant falls in, the spider simply waits for it to drown
蚂蚁掉到陷阱里了 蟹蜘蛛静静等它淹死 - and then abseils down for a spot of fishing.
直接坐收渔翁之利 - Alive, this ant would be far too dangerous for the spider to tackle
要生存,蚂蚁必须远离蜘蛛的魔爪 - so, using the pitchers as traps, means it can get bigger meals
但是利用猪笼草的陷阱 意味着蟹蜘蛛照样可以美餐一顿 - and the spider doesn't rob the pitcher of everything.
蟹蜘蛛也不全是一个不留 - The digested remains of it's booty will end up in the water providing instant food for the plant.
它也需要把战利品分一部分给猪笼草, 来给猪笼草提供营养 - Other food, like mosquito larvae, seems to be out of reach but the spider has another sup rising trick.
有的食物例如蚊子幼虫在瓶底 看上去好像吃不到,不过蟹蜘蛛自有诡计 - By taking it's own air supply trapped in a bubble
它会带着一个空气泡泡 - the crab spider can actually dive to the very bottom of the pitcher.
蟹蜘蛛可以潜入到猪笼草的底部 - Once the prey is captured, the spider hauls itself back up it's silken safety line.
一旦猎物到手,蟹蜘蛛还可从水中全身而退 - The pitcher is a one stop shop for this spider,
猪笼草好像是蟹蜘蛛的一站式商店. - but it's not alone.
但它并不孤独 - In the jungle there's competition for everything, even a small water filled pitcher plant.
雨林中到处都有竞争 即使在猪笼草的小小水域里 - Such specialists create the jungle's remarkable diversity
雨林的特殊环境造就了生物的多样性 - but finding enough food to survive is so challenging that most animals living here tend to be small
但由于寻找食物是个巨大的挑战 因此很多雨林生物都长得很小巧 - though there are exceptions.
有一个地方是例外 - This is the Congo in Africa.
这是非洲的刚果 - It's a vast wilderness and the least explored of all jungles.
辽阔,原始,也是最不被探索的原始森林之一 - From up here the forest looks similar to the ones that grow in the Amazon or Southeast Asia.
从这里看 这里的雨林和亚马逊及东南亚的雨林没什么两样 - but down below there are some unexpected sights.
但往下看,就有出人意料的发现 - Crisscrossing this forest, are countless miles of highways
地面上有数不尽的大路和十字路口 - and they were made by something big.
一定是一些大家伙弄出来的 - Forest elephants roam great distances in their search for food
森林象长途跋涉来寻找食物 - but to survive, they must emerge from the gloom of the forest.
为了生存,它们必须隐没在幽暗的森林中 - And clearings like this one, are a magnet for elephants from far and wide.
这块空旷地 把大象从四面八方吸引过来 - These elephants live in much smaller groups than their savanna cousins.
森林象群的个体数量 比起它的稀树草原的亲戚们要少的多 - This might be the first time that one group will have seen another for a month.
这可能是两个象群 一个月来第一次见面 - For the adult males it's a welcome break in an otherwise largely solitary existence
对成年雄象来说 这是摆脱孤独的大好时机 - and they're not the only animals attracted to the clearing.
大象不是唯一被吸引到空旷地带的动物 - Forest buffaloes and red river hogs are also regular visitors
森林水牛 红河野猪 它们也是常客 - as are bongos, which are very difficult to see outside these clearings.
邦戈羚羊也是除了在空旷地很难见到的动物 - All these large forest animals have come here to collect an essential element of their diet that lies buried beneath the mud.
所有的这些森林动物来到这里 收集埋在泥下的对身体有益的微量元素 - And the elephant's trunk is the perfect tool for reaching it.
象鼻可以说是得到它的完美工具 - To get what they seek the prospecting elephants must first blow away the covering layer of silt.
要找到想要的东西 大象首先要驱走覆盖着的沙土 - Satisfaction at last.
最终十分满意 - They're collecting a particular kind of clay
它们在收集一种特殊的矿物质 - that contains vital minerals scarce in their natural diet.
而这种矿物质很难从自然食物中获取 - It may be mud, but there's just nothing quite like it for enriching the blood.
虽然有些牙碜 不过到了血液里也就没什么了 - The clay also helps to absorb the toxins found in many leaves that the elephants eat.
粘土也可以吸收中和吃的叶子中的毒素. - There are other benefits to coming here.
到这里还有个好处 - These clearings are the only places where the forest elephants can get together in such numbers.
这块空地是唯一可以聚集 并展现象群数量的地方 - When they return to the forest, they will have to go their separate ways, once more.
当它们返回树林时,它们将再一次分开 - If large animals are rare in jungles
如果说雨林中的大型动物是相当稀罕 - then groups of large animals actually living together, are even rarer.
那么群居的大型动物就更加稀罕了 - This posse of hunters is not only formidable, it's also very large.
这些掠食者,不仅可怕, 而且还十分强大 - In their search for food chimpanzees move effortlessly between the forest floor and the canopy.
非洲黑猩猩不仅在地表上也在树冠层上寻找食物 - They're one of the few jungle animals able to do so.
很少有丛林动物有这样的生活方式 - Figs are a vital part of a chimpanzee's diet
无花果是黑猩猩重要的食物来源之一 - and some just can't seem to get enough of them.
这只看上去好像嘴里塞的还不够满 - But there's something special about this stretch of forest in Uganda.
乌干达的热带雨林有些特别 - Fruit is actually abundant
食物其实是很丰富的 - and a lot of food supports lots of chimps.
大量的食物养育了大量的黑猩猩 - At a hundred and fifty strong,
150只黑猩猩 - this community of chimps is the biggest yet found in Africa.
这个群落是迄今在非洲发现的最大的黑猩猩群落 - Their numbers are so large, that they need a big territory, lots of fig trees
众多的人口意味着要有广大的领土 需要很多无花果树 - and they're willing to fight for it.
也值得为它们而战 - These calls announce the start of a raid into land controlled by their neighbors.
这种声音是在宣布要去搜捕侵犯领土的邻居们了 - As they leave their core zone, the patrol goes silent, occasionally stopping to listen.
它们离开中心居住区, 巡逻队开始保持缄默行军,不时停下来倾听 - Signs of the enemy are detected and examined closely.
敌人的行迹被发现并仔细检查 - The chimp militia are now at the very edge of their territory.
猩猩战士们已经快到达国境线了 - All need to be on maximum alert.
所有成员必须保持最高警惕 - Then it's wait and listen.
它们必须侧耳倾听,等待时机 - An unfamiliar chimp call raises the tension.
一个陌生的声音 引起了猩猩们的注意 - It's an uncertain time. The size of the rival group is as yet unknown.
在这个非常时刻 对手的具体数量还不知道 - Not far away the neighbors are feeding in a fig tree
就在不远处,邻居正在无花果树上进食 - oblivious to the approaching dangers.
他们还不知道危险正在接近 - The patrol moves off with a sense of purpose.
巡逻队继续向目标进军 - They must remain silent until they close in on their rivals.
在接近对手之前它们必须保持缄默 - The attack is on.
攻击开始了! - To intimidate their opponents, the aggressors scream and drum on buttress roots.
为了壮声势,它们尖叫着并击打树根冲向战场 - Several males corner an enemy female.
几只公猩猩把一只母猩猩逼上绝境 - It's a ferocious attack, and she's lucky to escape with her life.
面对这凶猛的攻击,这只母猩猩侥幸得以活下来 - Others are not so fortunate.
另外一些就不那么走运了 - The battle won, a grizzly scene unfolds.
战斗胜利,出现了一个可怕的场景 - An enemy youngster has been caught and killed.
敌人的孩童被抓住并被杀死 - The carcass is shared between members of the group, and eaten.
并被这群黑猩猩吃掉 - Killing a competitor makes sense if you want to protect your food supply
捕杀敌人虽然有利于保证自己的食物供给 - but exactly why they cannibalize the dead chimp, is not fully understood.
但是还搞不清楚它们究竟为什么要吃同类 - It may simply be a chance for some extra protein.
也可能是为了获得额外的蛋白质吧 - Teamwork has brought this group of chimps great success
团队合作使这群黑猩猩取得巨大成功 - but they'll soon reach the limits of their power.
但是它们很快将盛极而衰 - The competition for resources ensures that no one species dominates the jungle.
雨林中激烈的资源竞争 使得没有哪个物种可以统治这块地方 - The rainforest's great diversity has come at a cost. It has made them the most finely balanced ecosystems in the world
雨林的物种多样性正在消失 而雨林却是维持地球生态系统微妙平衡的关键 - only too easily upset and destroyed by that other great ape the chimpanzee's closest relative -- Ourselves.
大肆破坏雨林最终伤害到的另一种伟大猿类 就是黑猩猩的近亲--我们人类自己 - [The End]
[本集结束]
行星地球 第一季 第八集 Planet Earth S01E08 热带雨林
阅读次数 2
