- Two million years ago, and our planet is a very different place.
200万年前 我们的星球与现在完全不同 - A saber-toothed cat,
牙齿像剑一般的猫科动物 - the Smilodon.
刃齿虎 - A fearsome predator of its age.
那个时代可怕的捕食者 - Standing in the way, a giant terror bird, two meters tall.
站在身高两米的巨大骇鸟面前 - Both sides are armed...
双方全副武装 - and prepared for a fight.
为战斗作好了准备 - This is the story of the great battles for survival
本片将为大家讲述伟大的生存之战 - and the dynasties that would take over the world.
以及将会统治世界的各王朝的故事 - This is the story of life.
这是生命的故事 - If you know where to look,
如果你知道该去哪里找 - you can still find clues to the origins of life on our planet.
你依然能够找到 我们星球上的生命起源线索 - This is not just a gathering of marine predators.
这不光是一群海洋捕食者的聚会 - It is a coming together of ancient bloodlines.
而是古老血脉的相聚 - Sharks, living fossils,
鲨鱼是活化石 - virtually unchanged for hundreds of millions of years.
数亿年来几乎没有改变 - Dolphins, air-breathing mammals
海豚是呼吸空气的哺乳动物 - whose ancestors once roamed on land.
它的祖先曾遍布陆地 - Whales, bigger than any other animals that have ever lived.
鲸鱼是史上最大的动物 - Birds,
鸟类 - the last survivors of the dinosaurs...
是恐龙时代的最后幸存者 - the world's greatest dynasty.
那曾是世界上最伟大的王朝 - All predators,
都是捕食者 - all hunting the same prey,
都在捕猎相同的猎物 - but all with totally different origins.
但起源完全不同 - There are more than ten million species of plant and animals alive today.
如今 超过1000万种动植物 生活在地球上 - And yet, they are just 1% of all species that have ever existed.
但这只是曾经存在过的物种中的1% - By traveling back in time,
穿越时空 回到过去 - we'll meet many of the 99% that have gone extinct...
我们将遇见 已经灭绝的99%中的许多物种 - ...to reveal the most extraordinary story of all,
揭示最不可思议的故事 - the story of life on our planet.
我们星球上的生命的故事 - Life and all its incredible variety had to start somewhere.
生命及其难以置信的多样性 必然有其起源 - The first spark appeared four billion years ago.
第一丝火花出现在40亿年前 - Perhaps uniquely, our planet had just the right conditions.
也许我们的星球 独一无二地具备了适宜的条件 - Liquid water,
液态水 - energy from the Sun,
来自太阳的能量 - and the perfect chemistry for life to take hold.
以及适合生命诞生的完美化学条件 - The exact process is lost in the mists of time.
确切的过程已经迷失在时间的迷雾中 - But what it produced was a tiny single living cell.
但它产生了一个微小的单细胞生命体 - LUCA,
露卡（所有物种在分化之前最后的一个共同祖先，是 The Last Universal Common Ancestor 的首字母缩写） - the Last Universal Common Ancestor...
最后共同祖先 - from which all life, everything, is descended.
一切生命都是它的后裔 - From these humble beginnings,
生命肇始如此卑微 - life took billions more years to develop real complexity.
又花了数十亿年 才发展出真正的复杂性 - A feat it first achieved in the oceans.
这一壮举首先在海洋中实现 - The earliest animals to attain supremacy
最早实现统治地位的动物 - were simple life forms.
是简单的生命形式 - These invertebrates, animals without backbones,
这些无脊椎动物 - ruled the seas for many millions of years.
统治海洋数百万年 - Throughout history, life has been waging an unending war.
在历史的长河中 生命一直在进行无尽的战争 - One dynasty rising,
一个王朝崛起 - only to be vanquished by the next.
结果却被下一个王朝征服 - Plants were among the first to conquer the land...
植物是最早征服陆地的生物之一 - creating conditions that, in time,
逐渐创造条件 - allowed the invertebrates to follow
使无脊椎动物跟随着来到陆地上 - and take over.
并接管一切 - But the invertebrates could not rule forever.
但是无脊椎动物无法永远统治 - A new dynasty would surpass them.
一个新的王朝将战胜它们 - One that also came from the water.
这个王朝也是来自水中 - The amphibians...
两栖动物 - ...whose novel body plan
它们新颖的身体结构 - of four limbs and a backbone
拥有四肢和一根脊椎 - would prove an enduring blueprint for success.
成为了持久成功的蓝图 - Their reach was limited by their ties to water.
它们与水的关系 限制了它们的活动范围 - But they spawned another dynasty with no such binds.
但它们催生出了 另一个不受这种束缚的王朝 - The reptiles.
爬行动物 - Able to exploit even the driest regions,
它们能够利用最干旱的地区 - their sprawling gait carried them around the world.
扩张的步态将它们带到了全世界 - For the first time in history, there was a global power.
历史上首次出现了一个全球性霸权 - From these early reptiles
从这些早期的爬行动物之中 - came the most iconic dynasty of them all.
诞生了最具标志性的王朝 - The dinosaurs.
恐龙时代 - They were to rule for over 150 million years.
它们将统治超过1.5亿年 - A group of astonishing variety,
这是一个极其多样化的群体 - whose absolute dominion
其绝对的霸主地位 - was only cut short by calamitous bad luck.
只因灾难性的厄运而被中断 - Out of their shadows
在它们的阴影之下 - rose the last great bloodline.
最后的伟大血统崛起 - The mammals.
哺乳动物 - One of whom
其中的一个物种 - would go on to change our planet like nothing before.
将以前所未有的方式改变我们的星球 - The rise and fall of these dynasties, over four billion years,
40多亿年来 这些王朝的兴衰 - has not just been a matter of chance.
并非仅是偶然 - The whole journey,
整个旅程 - from the beginning of life to the infinite variety we know today,
从生命的起源 到我们今天所知的无尽多样性 - has been driven by certain fundamental principles.
都受到某些基本原则的驱动 - The rules of life.
生命法则 - The first rule
第一条法则是 - is the best adapted will always win through.
适者生存 - Every one of these butterfly eggs looks identical.
这些蝴蝶卵 每一颗看起来都一模一样 - But each has a different combination of genes
但每一颗都具有不同的基因组合 - that makes them, individually, completely unique.
每一颗都独一无二 - Some will have genetic qualities that help them survive.
有一些具有帮助其生存的遗传特性 - Qualities that will pass from generation to generation...
这样的特性将代代相传 - until eventually, one will be so different to its predecessors
直到最终与其祖先截然不同 - that it becomes
成为一个全新的… - an entirely new species, better adapted to its environment.
更适应其环境的物种 - This is evolution.
这就是进化 - But the caterpillars aren't the only ones evolving.
但是在进化的并不只有毛虫 - Everything in this forest is fighting for survival...
森林中的一切都在为生存而战 - ...including the plants.
包括植物在内 - Unchecked, the caterpillars would strip them bare.
如果不加控制 毛虫会将其吃个精光 - But this plant has evolved its own adaptations for survival.
但这种植物已经进化出了 自己的生存适应机制 - Poison in its leaves,
叶子上有毒素 - capable of killing anything that eats them.
能够杀死任何吃它们的生物 - It's chemical warfare.
这是一场化学战争 - Then a new species of caterpillar evolves...
然后一种新的毛虫进化而生 - that can eat the otherwise poisonous leaves,
能够吃那些原本有毒的叶子 - along with any eggs that might be on them.
同时将叶子上的卵也一同吃下 - In response,
作为应对 - other butterflies adapt to only lay on plants that are free of eggs...
其他蝴蝶进行进化 只在没有卵的植物上产卵 - ...ensuring their young have the best possible start.
确保后代拥有最佳的初始条件 - But the plants retaliate...
但是植物展开了反击 - ...forming growths on their leaves that mimic butterfly eggs...
在叶子上长出类似于蝴蝶卵的东西 - deterring any females from laying there.
阻止雌性在上面产卵 - What's more, the fake eggs produce a sweet nectar that attracts ants...
而且假卵分泌出甜蜜 吸引蚂蚁 - that feed on caterpillars.
而蚂蚁则以毛虫为食物 - The first rule of life, that the best adapted will win through...
生命的第一条法则适者生存 - ...has produced the huge diversity that exists today.
产生了现存的巨大的生物多样性 - The next rule of life
生命的第二条法则是 - is that competition drives adaptation.
竞争推动适应 - And the most acute competition comes from one's own kind.
最激烈的竞争来自同类 - A male terror bird.
一只雄性骇鸟 - His territory is the lakeshore.
湖岸是它的领地 - But he's not alone.
但它并不孤单 - A younger male wants this prime spot.
一只年轻的雄性也想要这个绝佳位置 - The older one can't ignore the threat.
年长的骇鸟不能无视威胁 - The youngster refuses to back down.
年轻的骇鸟拒绝退让 - He needs a territory of his own.
它需要自己的领地 - The two begin a ritual display.
两只鸟开始了一场仪式性的展示 - Assessing the other's strength...
评估对方的力量 - ...while showing off their own.
同时炫耀自己的力量 - Their coordinated moves
它们协调一致的动作 - as formal as a dance.
像舞蹈一般正式 - Who will be the first to back down?
谁会率先退却？ - Or attack?
或者率先出击？ - With nothing to separate them, a fight is inevitable.
没有东西将它们隔离 大战不可避免 - But they have company.
但现场不仅有它们 - The Smilodon's mammalian cunning
刃齿虎作为哺乳动物的狡黠 - was one reason terror birds went extinct.
是骇鸟灭绝的原因之一 - Competition, both within and between species,
物种内及物种间的竞争 - has always driven evolution.
一直推动着进化 - But it's not just those doing battle that are always changing.
但不断变化的 不仅仅是参与战斗的生物 - So too is the battlefield itself,
战场本身也在不断变化 - which leads to the third rule of life.
这产生了生命的第三条法则 - Earth never remains stable for long.
地球从不会长♥期♥保持稳定 - Sometimes that helps life.
有时候这有助于生命 - Sometimes it hinders it.
有时候阻碍生命 - Throughout history, volcanoes have been one of the greatest agents of change.
纵观历史 火山一直是最大的变化因素之一 - Eruptions lasting thousands of years
持续数千年的喷发 - have repeatedly engulfed vast swathes of our planet.
反复地吞没地球上的广阔区域 - Pumping gases into the atmosphere,
向大气中排放气体 - changing the climate,
改变气候 - and, at worst...
在最糟糕的情况下 - ...causing global mass extinction.
导致全球大规模物种灭绝 - The world has rarely been stable.
地球很少呈稳定状态 - At times, a realm of fire.
有时是火的天下 - At times, a realm of ice.
有时是冰的天下 - Our changing planet has created so many challenges for life.
我们不断变化的星球 为生命制♥造♥了诸多挑战 - From toxic seas...
从毒海 - ...to global wastelands...
到全球荒原 - and periods of almost endless rain.
以及几乎无休止的降雨期 - At four different times,
在四个不同的时期 - the planet has pushed life to the very edge of existence.
地球将生命推到了灭绝边缘 - Each time, more than three-quarters of all species
每一次 超过四分之三的物种 - were lost in mass extinctions.
在大规模灭绝中消失 - Ours can be a brutal planet.
我们的星球有时候很残酷 - But there was one period
但曾经有一个时期 - when Earth was stable for 100 million years.
地球保持了一亿年稳定状态 - A period which allowed one group to become the mightiest of dynasties.
这个时期 令一个物种群建立了最强大的王朝 - This was the age of dinosaurs.
那就是恐龙时代 - The long calm helped dinosaurs to proliferate in huge numbers.
长♥期♥的平静令恐龙数量激增 - These are Maiasaura,
这些是慈母龙 - gentle plant eaters that form herds many thousands strong.
温和的食植动物 数以千计 成群结队 - This mass gathering provides safety,
这种大规模聚集能够提供安全 - and not just for the adults.
不光是为成年个体 - This rather cautious female
这只小心的母龙 - is keen to get back to her nest.
迫切想要回到巢穴 - Maiasaura means "good mother."
顾名思义 慈母龙的意思是慈祥的母亲 - Like the other females,
与其他母龙一样 - she has made her nest in an enormous colony.
它在一个巨大的聚落中筑巢 - To reach it,
为了到达巢穴 - she must run the gauntlet of defensive mothers keen to protect their young.
它必须穿过一长排保护心极强的母龙 - In avoiding one aggressor,
为了躲避一个挑衅者 - she strays too close to the next.
它却又太靠近了另一个挑衅者 - At last, she reaches her own nest.
最后 它到达了自己的巢穴 - She feeds her young in a very bird-like way.
它以一种与鸟类非常相似的方式 喂养幼龙 - She'll protect them in the nest for many months,
它会在巢穴中保护它们达数月之久 - until they are big enough to join the rest of the herd.
直到它们长大到足以加入龙群 - Yet the planet didn't just support large numbers of dinosaurs,
然而 地球不仅支撑了大量的恐龙 - its stability also supported dinosaurs of every shape and size.
地球的稳定 也支撑了各种形状和大小的恐龙 - Triceratops is very different to the defenseless Maiasaura.
三角龙 与无防御能力的慈母龙非常不同 - Weighing five tons and boasting three horns,
它体重五吨♥ 长有三只角 - she is heavily armored...
全副武装 - adapted to a world
适应了这样一个世界 - where the best form of defense is attack.
在这里 最好的防守就是进攻 - With the breeding season imminent, she needs to be in peak condition.
繁殖季节临近 它必须进入巅峰状态 - And that means finding the best food wherever she can.
这意味着不论去哪里 都要尽可能找到最好的食物 - But her search has taken her far from the herd...
但觅食令它远离了龙群 - and closer to the edge of the forest.
接近了森林的边缘 - She's right to be nervous.
它紧张是对的 - Triceratops aren't the only giants in these woods.
三角龙不是森林中唯一的巨兽 - Tyrannosaurus rex.
霸王龙 - The ultimate predator.
终极捕食者 - She has her two youngsters with her.
它带着两只幼龙 - The siblings are faster than their mother.
两只幼龙比母亲更快 - They work as a team.
它们团队协作 - The Triceratops can hold off the youngsters,
三角龙能抵挡两只幼龙 - but not the adult.
但无法抵挡成年霸王龙 - Only the protection of the herd can save her.
只有龙群的保护才能救它 - They form a defensive wall.
它们排成防守墙 - Even the world's greatest predator knows when she's beaten.
哪怕世界上最强大的捕食者 也知道什么时候该认输 - Unlike the young male.
雄性幼龙就有点不知进退了 - Dinosaurs might still rule today
如果地球的条件保持不变 - if conditions on Earth had remained the same.
今天恐龙可能仍在统治世界 - But everything was about to change,
但一切都将改变 - and in just one day.
一天之内 天翻地覆 - An asteroid the size of Mount Everest,
一颗珠穆朗玛峰大小的小行星 - traveling 20 times faster than a bullet,
速度比子弹快20倍 - smashed into the planet.
撞击地球 - It blew a hole 20 kilometers deep and 180 wide...
在地球上造成了一个20公里深 180公里宽的巨大坑洞 - setting off an earth-shattering chain of events.
引发了一系列震撼世界的连锁事件 - Rising from the massive crater came the real killer.
从巨大的陨石坑中升起的 才是真正的杀手 - A wall of ash and debris hundreds of kilometers thick...
一道粉尘和碎片组成的墙 厚达数百公里 - that enveloped the globe.
覆盖了整个地球 - The cloud blocked out the sunlight,
乌云遮住阳光 - leading to the death of almost all dinosaurs...
导致恐龙几乎全部死亡 - ...and three-quarters of life on Earth.
地球上四分之三的生命化为乌有 - The annihilation was global.
毁灭是全球性的 - It was the world's fifth mass extinction.
这是世界上第五次大规模灭绝 - But there were survivors.
但也有幸存者 - Survivors that would form the basis of all species that exist today.
这些幸存者将成为 今天存在的所有物种的基础 - The birds were the only remaining dinosaurs.
鸟类是唯一幸存的恐龙 - Today, they number more than 10,000 species...
如今 鸟类有超过一万个物种 - ...occupying every habitat on Earth.
占据着地球上每一个栖息地 - But the birds didn't have the planet to themselves.
但鸟类并未独占地球 - Another great dynasty also rose from the ashes.
另一个伟大的王朝也从废墟中崛起 - The mammals.
哺乳动物 - Under the dinosaurs, they had been a mere footnote in history.
与恐龙相比 它们只是历史上的一个注脚 - Without the asteroid strike,
如果没有小行星撞击 - none of these survivors would have had a chance to rule.
这些幸存者都不可能有机会统治世界 - From the cataclysm of the mass extinction
从大规模灭绝的灾难中 - came this new multitude of life in all its wondrous variety...
诞生了这个多样而奇妙的生命群体 - ...all perfectly adapted to the challenges of life.
它们全都完美地适应了生命的挑战 - The struggle to protect and raise one's young,
努力保护并养育幼崽 - to find food,
寻找食物 - and to breed.
繁育后代 - The cast of characters may have changed,
角色阵容也许已经改变 - but the essentials remain the same.
但关键因素依然相同 - Water and the energy from the Sun
水与来自太阳的能量 - continue to support life, just as they have for billions of years.
数十亿年如一日 持续支撑着生命 - Even today, the rules of life still apply.
即使在今天 生命法则依然适用 - Only the best adapted will win through.
适者生存 - Competition drives evolution.
竞争推动适应 - And a rapidly changing planet causes chaos.
快速变化的星球引发混乱 - These rules of life determine how dynasties will rise and how they will fall.
这些生命法则决定着王朝的兴衰 - Every single thing alive today
今天活着的一切 - can trace its heritage back four billion years.
都可以追溯到40亿年前 - This in the face of incredible odds.
面对的是如此不可思议的概率 - 99% of all species that have ever existed
曾经存在过的全部物种之中 - are now extinct.
99%已经灭绝 - Life today is the 1% that made it through.
如今的生命只是那幸存下来的1% - This series will explore the most important milestones in the history of life.
本片将探索生命史上最重要的里程碑 - From when mammals established themselves as a global power...
从哺乳动物称霸全球… - ...to the ancestors of the birds first taking to the air...
到鸟类的祖先率先上天… - ...to the evolution of hard-shelled eggs
再到硬壳卵的进化 - that led to the rise of the mighty dinosaurs.
导致强大的恐龙的崛起 - And even the moment when animals first came out of the water.
甚至再到动物第一次离开水的那一刻 - In the next chapter, we go back to life's origins in the sea...
下一章 我们将回头探索生命在海洋中的起源 - and the very first fights for survival...
以及我们这个非凡的星球上 - on our extraordinary planet.
为生存而展开的第一次斗争 - [The End]
[本集结束]
我们星球上的生命 第一季 第一集 Life on Our Planet S01E01 生命法则
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