- For billions of years,
数十亿年来 - much of our world was fiercely inhospitable...
我们世界的许多地方 都极不适宜生存 - ...ravaged by the elements and the forces of nature.
这些地方遭到自然因素和力量的摧残 - But this is the story of what was happening beneath the waves.
但本集将讲述的是海浪下发生的故事 - Here, shielded from the storms, life had taken hold...
这里远离风暴 生命已经扎根 - ...and was about to change our planet forever.
而且即将永远改变我们的星球 - Far back in the depths of time,
很久很久以前 - Earth looked nothing like the world we know today.
地球的样貌与现在完全不同 - Nearly 90% of its surface was water,
当时的地表将近90%由水覆盖 - yet this was no blue planet.
但当时的地球并非蓝色 - Instead, vast clouds of methane had turned the atmosphere yellow.
恰恰相反 巨大的甲烷云将大气变为黄色 - On land, conditions were even worse.
陆地上的情况更糟 - Volcanoes had been erupting for millions of years.
火山已经喷发了数百万年 - Their explosive power,
其爆♥炸♥声 - one of the few sounds in this otherwise silent realm.
是那个原本寂静的世界中 为数不多的声音之一 - With the world made up of nothing but toxic air and rivers of molten rock...
当时的世界只有 有毒气体和熔岩河流 - life as we know it was impossible.
我们所知的生命不可能存在 - But out in the prehistoric seas,
但是在史前的海洋中 - something is stirring.
有一些情况正在酝酿 - Beneath the surface hangs a great swathe of plankton.
水面下漂浮着大量浮游生物 - Microscopic cells like these have just evolved something new,
这样微小的细胞 刚刚进化出了一样新的东西 - photosynthesis.
光合作用 - This means they can harness the sun's energy to grow,
这意味着 它们能够利用太阳的能量生长 - a breakthrough so important
这是一项如此重要的突破 - that plankton will one day give rise to every single plant on Earth.
以至于有朝一日 地球上一切植物都将由其催生而出 - But that's not all.
但这并不是全部 - One byproduct of photosynthesis is a gas,
光合作用的副产品之一是一种气体 - the missing ingredient for animal life to exist...
这是动物生命存在不可或缺的元素 - ...oxygen.
氧气 - For nearly two billion years,
在将近20亿年的时间里 - plankton produced so much oxygen that it transformed our planet.
浮游生物产生了大量氧气 使我们的星球发生了巨大改变 - No longer hostile, Earth became a new world,
地球不再充满敌意 而是成为了一个新的世界 - where life could finally run wild.
在这里 生命终于可以自♥由♥绽放 - Today, millions of years later,
数百万年后的今天 - it's still possible to get a glimpse of what that next wave of life was like.
我们依然可以一窥 之后一波生命浪潮的模样 - Because in some parts of our shallow seas...
因为在浅海的某些地方 - life still resembles that more primitive time.
生命仍然与原始时期类似 - They may not look like it...
虽然可能看起来不像 - but these are animals...
但这些动物 - very similar to the first complex life forms.
与最早的复杂生物形态非常相似 - Most are soft-bodied and rooted to the seafloor.
多数为软体且根植于海底 - All have senses.
都有感官 - And some can even see their surroundings.
有一些甚至能看到周围 - Many get their food by filter-feeding,
许多通过滤食来获取食物 - picking out plankton,
挑选出浮游生物 - sometimes in the most curious of ways.
有时方法极为奇特 - But not all animals here are stuck in one place.
但这里的动物并非全都困于一地 - Some can move,
有一些能够移♥动♥ - exploring the seafloor
探索海底 - like their pioneering relatives millions of years ago.
数百万年前它们富有探索精神的亲戚们 也是这样做的 - It may seem like these shallows are a kind of Eden,
这些浅海看起来可能像是伊甸园 - a safe haven for life.
是生命的安全港 - But this is no paradise.
但这里并不是天堂 - Living off modern-day California...
在加利福尼亚海域 - this is a rainbow nudibranch.
如今生活着一种彩虹裸鳃 - And its sluggish nature hides a sinister side...
它缓慢的本性中 隐藏着邪恶的一面 - because, like its ancestors,
因为与其祖先一样 - it's here to hunt.
它在这里是为了捕猎 - It's adapted to a life of predation.
它适应了掠食的生活 - And its prey of choice,
它所选择的猎物是 - anemones.
海葵 - But like the very first predators,
但与最早的捕食者一样 - the nudibranch has room for improvement...
裸鳃仍有改进的空间 - ...because here,
因为在这里 - timing...
把握时机… - is everything.
至为重要 - Luckily for the hunter,
对于猎手来说 幸运的是 - its prey is anchored to the seafloor
它的猎物根植于海底 - and can't hide forever.
无法永远隐藏 - The anemone's fate?
海葵的命运会是如何？ - To be eaten from the inside out.
从内部被吃掉 - The arrival of predation was a seismic shift in the ancient seas.
捕食者的出现 是古代海洋中的一次颠覆性转变 - The hunted had to adapt
猎物必须适应变化 - or risk extinction.
否则就会面临灭绝的风险 - And one group adapted in a way never seen before.
有一群生物以前所未见的方式 适应了这种转变 - Despite being single animals,
尽管是单独个体的动物 - they were able to separate into layers of individuals,
但还是能够分离成数层个体层 - that then broke free.
然后独♥立♥出来 - Jellyfish.
那就是水母 - 530 million years ago,
5.3亿年前 - they were the very first animals to escape the seafloor and swim.
它们是第一种从海底逃离 并开始游泳的生物 - But predators were already everywhere.
但是捕食者已经无处不在 - Armed with venomous harpoons,
这些海葵装备有带毒的鱼叉 - these anemones make quick work of baby jellyfish.
能够快速解决小水母 - And they are so abundant
而且它们的数量如此之多 - escape seems impossible.
逃脱似乎是不可能完成的任务 - Caught.
被抓住了 - But not for long.
但不会太久 - Free at last.
终于自♥由♥了 - Thanks to their ability to swim,
由于会游泳 - jellyfish were the first to venture out of the shallows
水母率先冒险离开浅海 - and into the big blue.
进入巨大的蓝色海洋 - Here, with fish yet to evolve,
在这里 鱼类尚未进化 - jellyfish were entirely free of predation.
水母完全摆脱了被捕食的危险 - In time, others would follow.
随着时间的推移 其他生物也会跟随而来 - But more than half a billion years ago,
但是五亿多年前 - the open ocean belonged to them.
广阔的海洋属于它们 - For those still stuck on the seabed,
对于那些仍困于海床上的生物来说 - escaping predation required a different approach.
逃避被捕食需要一种不同的方式 - This curious creature
这种奇怪的生物 - is a trilobite.
是三叶虫 - And its breakthrough adaptation, armor.
它的突破性适应特征就是护甲 - Trilobites are one of the first in a brand-new dynasty,
三叶虫 是一个全新王朝中的首批生物之一 - the arthropods.
节肢动物 - They've evolved an external skeleton,
它们进化出了外骨骼 - a shield-like shell that protects their soft insides.
这是一种保护其柔软内部的盾状外壳 - And in these waters,
在这些水域中 - they need it.
它们确实需要外壳 - This is Anomalocaris.
这是奇虾 - A bizarre-looking animal,
一种外观怪异的动物 - its name translates as "the abnormal shrimp."
顾名思义 它名字的含义就是“奇怪的虾” - And in the tropical shallows 508 million years ago,
在5.08亿年前的热带浅海中 - it's the world's first apex predator.
它是世界上第一种顶级捕食者 - Despite the trilobite's armor, it makes sense to keep out of sight.
尽管三叶虫有护甲 但是保持隐蔽仍然是明智的做法 - But away from the canyons, there's nowhere to hide...
但是由于远离峡谷 无处可藏 - because what makes this hunter so special...
因为这位猎手的特别之处在于… - ...is its speed.
速度 - Unlike jellyfish, Anomalocaris can swim with both direction and pace.
与水母不同 奇虾游速快且方向准确 - But that isn't always enough...
但这也并不总是足够的 - because when cornered, the trilobite's armor comes into its own.
因为当被逼入绝境时 三叶虫的护甲就开始发挥作用 - Rolling into a ball, it becomes completely impenetrable.
它卷成一团 变得无懈可击 - Even for the abnormal shrimp.
即便奇虾也无可奈何 - With the coast clear, the trilobite continues on its merry way once more.
威胁消除之后 三叶虫继续踏上快乐的旅程 - It's searching for one of the ancient ocean's greatest sights...
它在寻找 古代海洋中最壮观的景象之一 - ...the trilobite mating grounds,
三叶虫交♥配♥地 - where thousands come together to breed.
数以千计的三叶虫来到这里繁衍后代 - In the story of life, armor has been such a success
在生命的故事中 护甲是如此成功 - that today, nearly 80% of all animals,
以至于今天将近80%的动物 - including insects, spiders, and crabs,
包括昆虫、蜘蛛和螃蟹 - are related to this ancient arthropod.
都与这种古代节肢动物有亲属关系 - But armor couldn't protect them from everything.
但是护甲并不能保护它们 免受一切伤害 - Forty million years later, and a new era of life has begun,
四千万年后 一个新的生命纪♥元♥开始 - with more diversity than ever before.
其多样化程度前所未有 - Here, trilobites are still in their prime,
在这里 三叶虫仍处于巅峰状态 - but their armor is even more robust...
但它们装甲变得更加坚固 - because on this reef, danger comes from a new type of predator.
因为在这块礁石上 危险来自一种新的捕食者 - Ancestors of today's octopus and squid, these tentacled giants
这些触须巨兽 是今天章鱼和鱿鱼的祖先 - are part of a dynasty known as the cephalopods.
它们属于头足动物这个新王朝 - The largest, with a shell eight meters long,
最大的 壳长八米 - are Cameroceras.
这就是房♥角石 - The trilobite is dwarfed by this towering hunter.
三叶虫在这高耸的猎手面前相信见拙 - But it's not their size that makes them such a threat.
但它们如此危险 并不是因为其大小 - Cameroceras have evolved a new way to catch their prey...
房♥角石进化出了捕捉猎物的新方法 - even when they can't see it.
即便看不见猎物 也能得手 - Because in these waters, they hunt using not just sight,
因为在这些水域中 它们捕食不仅利用视觉 - but touch.
还利用触觉 - All the trilobite can do is try to stay out of reach.
三叶虫能做的只有设法保持距离 - With a scissor-like beak...
房♥角石有剪刀般的嘴巴 - ...able to slice through the toughest armor,
能够切割最硬的护甲 - Cameroceras dominate these seas.
它们主宰着这片海洋 - Although, there is another important new arrival.
但是还有另外一个重要的新来者 - Graced with a look of permanent surprise,
外表永远是一副惊讶的样子 - this is Arandaspis...
这就是阿兰达甲鱼 - an early kind of fish.
一种早期鱼类 - It hasn't yet evolved a jaw,
它尚未进化出颌 - so can only suck up the scraps.
所以只能吸食残渣 - But what it has evolved will change the course of history.
但它进化出的特征将改变历史进程 - It has a new internal skeleton that makes it both fast and agile.
它有一种新的内部骨骼 令它既快速又灵活 - A backbone.
那就是脊椎 - And while it may not look like much,
虽然看起来并不起眼 - fish like Arandaspis
但像阿兰达甲鱼这样的鱼类 - will one day give rise to all other vertebrates.
有朝一日 将导致所有其他脊椎动物的崛起 - Amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds.
两栖动物、爬行动物 哺乳动物以及鸟类 - But for now, vertebrates are only at the beginning
但是现在脊椎动物仍处于 - of a very, very long journey.
漫长旅程的起始阶段 - Twenty million years later, life faced one of its greatest challenges...
2000万年后 生命面临又一个巨大的挑战 - ...as the climate suddenly began to cool...
气候突然变冷 - ...a development that was to have dire consequences.
这将带来可怕的后果 - Little by little, the sea started to freeze.
海洋逐渐开始冰冻 - For the inhabitants of Earth's once tropical waters,
过去地球上热带水域的“居民们” - this was a catastrophe.
大难临头 - The shallow seas became a frozen graveyard.
浅海变成了冰冻的坟墓 - The world's first mass extinction.
这是世界上第一次大规模灭绝 - The fatal freeze was caused by a 60% drop in carbon dioxide.
致命的冰冻 是由二氧化碳减少60%所导致 - Without this greenhouse gas to warm it,
没有了温室气体保暖 - the planet was plunged into an ice age.
地球突然陷入冰河期 - One that would last for 200,000 years.
这个时期将持续20万年 - At its peak, almost half the world was covered in ice,
巅峰时期 世界上将近一半区域被冰覆盖 - causing the demise of 85% of all life,
导致85%的生命死亡 - lost from our family tree forever.
永远从我们的族谱中消失 - With the tropical shallows gone,
热带浅海消失了 - the few survivors were those who could head to deeper waters.
能够前往更深水域的生物 成为了少数的幸存者 - Animals like the nautilus,
比如鹦鹉螺 - a smaller relative of the giant Cameroceras.
巨大的房角石的小个儿亲戚 - It first evolved hundreds of millions of years ago,
最早在数亿年前进化 - but still exists today.
但如今依然存在 - It owes its success to the deep ocean's unchanging nature.
它的成功要归功于深海的稳定性 - Below 600 meters, the temperature rarely fluctuates,
在600米以下 温度几乎没有波动 - making it a sanctuary of stability.
使其成为稳定的避难所 - When the Ice Age struck,
当冰河时期袭来时 - all kinds of animals headed into the abyss.
各种动物都朝深渊前进 - But it's the cephalopods who have thrived.
但头足动物却蓬勃发展 - Today, many still haunt the deep sea...
今天许多头足动物仍在深海中出没 - including octopus and squid.
包括章鱼和鱿鱼 - Their gelatinous bodies are unaffected by the deep's immense pressure.
它们的胶状身体 不受深海巨大压力的影响 - And super senses let them find their way in the dark.
而超强的感官 使它们能在黑暗中找到前进的方向 - No longer constrained by shells,
它们不再受到壳的限制 - they've evolved into almost every size and shape.
进化出了各种大小和形状 - But this pitch-black world isn't theirs alone.
但这个漆黑的世界并不只属于它们 - Arthropods, like this spider crab, live here too...
这里还有节肢动物 比如这只蜘蛛蟹 - feeling their way across the ocean floor.
它们在海底摸索着前进 - Alongside them, the vertebrates.
它们周围还有脊椎动物 - With little food on offer, down here, they're rare.
在这里 食物很少 因此它们的数量也很稀少 - Only around 10% of all fish today live in the deep.
今天只有大约10%的鱼类生活在深海 - This is not a place they excel...
这里并不是它们擅长的场地 - unlike the cephalopods, who have become the deep's near-perfect predators.
而头足动物 则成为了深海中近乎完美的掠食者 - Something this shrimp may soon discover.
这只虾也许很快就会发现这一点 - All around it, the water twinkles with bioluminescent plankton.
它的周围的水闪烁着蓝♥光♥ 因为布满了能够生物发光的浮游生物 - Any disturbance, and for the briefest of moments, they light up.
任何扰动 都会在瞬间点亮这些浮游生物 - But the shrimp has company.
但这里并非只有这只虾 - A half-concealed squid
一只半藏着的鱿鱼 - is watching the show.
正在观看这场表演 - Its large eyes allow it to see exceptionally well in the dark.
它的大眼睛 使它能够在黑暗中看得非常清晰 - Picking out the dots of light,
它能看到光点 - it can follow every move the shrimp makes.
追踪这只虾的每一个动作 - All it needs is the right moment.
它需要的只是一个合适的时机 - The shrimp never saw it coming.
虾毫无防备 - With such extraordinary senses,
凭借如此非凡的感官 - perhaps it's no surprise that squid have mastered this cold, dark world.
鱿鱼称霸这个寒冷而黑暗的世界 也许就不令人意外了 - But for those who lived back in the Ice Age,
但是对于生活在冰河时期的生物来说 - things were beginning to heat up.
局势开始升温 - 200,000 years after the big freeze,
大冰冻的20年之后 - there appeared in the ice a vein of blue.
冰中出现了一条蓝色血管 - Water.
水 - Carbon dioxide levels had bounced back,
二氧化碳水平回升 - causing global temperatures to rise.
导致全球温度上升 - The great melt had begun.
大融化开始 - Slow at first, the thaw rapidly gathered pace.
起初较慢 但很快就加快了速度 - Before long,
不久之后 - glaciers hundreds of meters tall cascaded into the warming seas.
高达数百米的冰川 倾泻进入正在变暖的海洋 - Within a few millennia,
在几千年内 - almost half the planet's ice had melted.
地球上几乎一半的冰已经融化 - Within a few more, it had entirely gone.
又过了几千年 冰完全消失 - For those who had sought refuge in the deep,
对于那些在深海寻求庇护的生物来说 - now was a chance to head back up.
现在有机会回到浅海 - Off the coast of modern-day Australia,
在今天的澳大利亚海岸边 - this is a young giant cuttlefish.
这是一只年轻的巨型墨鱼 - Like his Ice Age ancestors,
与冰河时代的祖先一样 - he's come to the shallows in search of a mate.
它来到浅海求偶 - But others have got here first...
但是别人已先一步来到这里 - ...including an alpha male...
包括一位雄性领袖 - jealously protecting his chosen partner.
小心翼翼地保护着自己选择的伴侣 - And he does not intend to share.
而且它不打算与它人分享 - But the smaller male isn't deterred.
但较小的这只雄性并没有被吓倒 - Instead, he bides his time
相反 它等待时机 - and watches
并观察着 - as a new male enters the arena...
又有一只雄性进入竞技场 - and signals his intention...
发出信♥号♥♥ - to challenge the alpha.
挑战雄性领袖 - With neither backing down, a fight is inevitable...
双方都不退让 争斗无可避免 - ...allowing the young male to make his move.
年轻的雄性渔翁得利 - As he approaches, he tucks in his tentacles
它慢慢靠近 收起触角 - and changes color...
并改变颜色 - to perfectly mimic a female.
完美地模仿一只雌性 - Using brain, not brawn,
它利用智慧而非力量 - he sneaks straight in.
无声无息地潜入 - The alpha now thinks he's guarding not one female...
现在雄性领袖以为 自己不是在保卫一只雌性 - but two.
而是两只 - He's unaware that this sly young interloper
它不知道这狡猾的年轻闯入者 - is mating with his chosen partner.
正在与自己选择的伴侣交♥配♥ - Their exceptional intelligence and remarkable senses
非凡的智慧和卓越的感官 - have helped cephalopods colonize every ocean on Earth.
帮助头足动物 占据了地球上每一片海洋 - Yet, in the shallows,
但是在浅海中 - they are rarely the top predators their towering ancestors once were...
它们却极少像高大的祖先那般 成为顶级捕食者 - because in the ancient seas,
因为在古老的海洋中 - there was to be a changing of the guard.
即将发生权力转移 - Seventy million years after the great melt,
大融化7000万年之后 - in a period known as the Devonian,
进入泥盆纪时期 - the vertebrates made their move.
脊椎动物开始行动 - This is Dunkleosteus...
这是邓氏鱼 - a descendant of the tiny Arandaspis.
是微小的阿兰达甲鱼的后代 - But at nine meters long, this fish is no underdog.
但这身长九米的鱼绝非弱者 - Even its young, barely half its size, are fearsome predators.
即便在幼年期 仅有一半大小 也是可怕的捕食者 - And this juvenile has spotted something out in the blue.
这条幼鱼在蓝色的海洋中有所发现 - Ammonoids,
菊石 - close relatives of today's deep-sea nautilus.
今天深海鹦鹉螺的近亲 - Being a vertebrate,
作为脊椎动物 - Dunkleosteus has the pace to catch up with them.
邓氏鱼的速度能够追上菊石 - But the ammonoids boast a trick of their own...
但是菊石也有自己的本领 - ...jet propulsion.
喷射推进 - Just what it needs to outmaneuver the young fish.
刚好能够摆脱这条年轻的鱼 - As it starts to circle...
它开始绕圈 - the ammonoid does the same...
菊石也绕圈 - shielding its body with its shell.
用壳保护自己的身体 - Once upon a time, this defense would have worked.
在过去 这种防御会有效果 - But Dunkleosteus has a weapon its tiny ancestors did not.
但是邓氏鱼 拥有自己微小祖先所没有的武器 - Jaws.
颌 - It can bite down and crush its prey.
它能咬住并咬碎猎物 - As long as it can find the right angle.
只要找到合适的角度就行 - Luckily for the ammonoid,
菊石很幸运 - the juvenile's jaws are not yet strong enough to break its shell.
幼鱼的颌尚不够强大 无法咬破它的壳 - But the adult's are.
但成年邓氏鱼可以 - The pairing of backbones with jaws was to prove a winning combination.
颌搭配脊椎是胜利的组合 - So perfect that, from this moment on,
如此完美 以至于从这一刻开始 - the vertebrates would never look back.
脊椎动物将永不回头 - Today, there are more than 30,000 species of fish.
今天存在超过三万种鱼 - Forty times as many as the cephalopods.
是头足动物的40倍 - While their variety is remarkable...
虽然它们的多样性非同一般 - each still has that perfect pairing.
但每一种都具有这种完美的搭配 - Backbones give them speed and power...
脊椎使它们拥有速度和力量 - no matter their size.
不论它们的大小如何 - While jaws give them bite.
而颌则为它们提供了咬的能力 - But there is more to jaws than that.
但是颌的作用不止于此 - Some fish use them to protect their eggs.
有的鱼用颌来保护自己的卵 - Others to attract a mate.
有的鱼用颌来吸引配偶 - Then there's the sarcastic fringehead.
还有勃氏新热鳚 - He doesn't just use his to catch crabs.
它不光用颌来抓螃蟹 - He also uses them for one of the most intimidating displays in nature...
还用颌来展现令人生畏的实力 - to rid his patch of rivals.
以清除领地上的竞争者 - For these fish, size is everything.
对这些鱼来说 大小决定一切 - Big jaws have let this fringehead rule his strip of seafloor,
巨大的颌令勃氏新热鳚 统治着它的海底地带 - but they've also allowed a more infamous group of fish to rule the waves.
但也使另一种更恶名昭彰的鱼类 统治海洋 - They first appeared more than 400 million years ago
它们最早出现在四亿多年前 - and have been feared ever since.
自那以来 一直威名显赫 - They are
它们就是 - the sharks.
鲨鱼 - To the winning combination of backbone and jaws,
在脊椎与颌的胜利组合之外 - they've added senses so sharp
它们还加入了异常敏锐的感官 - they can detect prey from hundreds of meters away.
能够在数百米外侦测猎物 - With many also boasting size and strength,
许多鲨鱼也拥有体型及力量优势 - they are as close to perfection as an ocean predator can get.
是近乎完美的海洋捕食者 - In the sea off Western Australia,
在西澳大利亚海域 - these fish are balled together for protection.
这些鱼聚集在一起以寻求保护 - But the sharks hold back...
但鲨鱼暂时按兵不动 - because they have a special plan of attack.
因为它们有一个特别的进攻计划 - Appearing to work as a team,
鲨鱼采取团队作战 - some of the sharks rise from below to trap the fish against the surface.
一些鲨鱼从下方向上进攻 将小鱼逼向海面 - Others come in from the side,
另一些鲨鱼从侧面进攻 - corralling the shoal away from the open ocean and into the shallows.
将鱼群赶到远离开阔海洋的浅水区 - Now numbering in their hundreds,
现在 数以百计的鲨鱼 - the sharks play for time...
在等待时机 - as their prey get ever more tired.
它们的猎物变得越来越疲惫 - It's a hunting technique that has been honed over millions of years.
这是一种经过数百万年 得以完善的捕猎技巧 - But the carnage starts in the blink of an eye.
眨眼之间 大屠♥杀♥开始 - Virtually unchanged since the great melt,
大融化之后几乎未曾改变 - sharks are one of the most successful dynasties in history.
鲨鱼王朝 一直是史上最成功的王朝之一 - But they owe their rise to the fall of their greatest rivals.
但它们的崛起归功于 最强大竞争对手的灭亡 - Back in the ancient seas,
回到古代海洋 - and Dunkleosteus had reigned for 20 million years.
邓氏鱼已经统治了2000万年 - So vicious a predator
它们是如此凶悍的捕食者 - that not even early sharks could compete.
以至于早期的鲨鱼也无法与之匹敌 - But Dunkleosteus was to suffer from a devastating quirk of fate...
但邓氏鱼即将遭受毁灭性打击 - ...caused by plankton.
这一切都源于浮游生物 - Billions of years earlier,
数十亿年前 - plankton had been the catalyst for animal life.
浮游生物是动物生命的催化剂 - But now, they would almost bring it to an end.
但是现在 它几乎将动物生命带入终结 - A sudden surge in ocean nutrients
海洋养分激增 - caused the population of plankton to increase...
导致浮游生物数量增加 - on an unprecedented scale.
规模空前 - As it spread through the sunlit shallows,
当浮游生物遍布阳光照耀的浅水时 - this thick soup began to rot...
这浓汤般的水体开始腐烂 - causing the ocean's oxygen to plummet.
导致海洋中的氧骤减 - Without this critical ingredient for life, animals started to suffocate.
没有了这种不可或缺的生命成分 动物开始窒息 - For those unable to escape the sludge, there was only one possible outcome.
对于那些无法逃离这脏水的生物来说 结果只有一个 - Extinction.
灭绝 - Dunkleosteus was one of many to be lost from our planet.
邓氏鱼 是从我们星球上消失的众多生物之一 - Across the world, coastlines became littered with the dead.
世界各地的海岸线上尸体遍布 - Only the lucky few, including early sharks,
只有少数幸运者得以存活 - were able to survive.
其中就包括早期的鲨鱼 - In all, 80% of marine life was wiped out in this,
80%的海洋生物因此死亡 - the world's second mass extinction.
这是世界上第二次大规模灭绝 - And yet this is only half the story.
但这还只是故事的一半 - The nutrients that caused the plankton explosion
引起浮游生物暴增的养分 - didn't start out in the sea.
并非来自海洋 - They were carried there from the land...
而是来自陆地 - ...released by plants during one of the most amazing events of all time...
在史上最伟大的一个事件期间 由植物释放而出 - ...the greening of planet Earth.
这个事件就是地球的绿化 - What was once a volcanic wasteland
曾经的火山荒原 - was now overflowing with life.
如今生机盎然 - And this new world offered opportunity.
这个新世界提供了机会 - For where plants had paved the way,
植物铺平了道路 - animals would follow.
动物也将跟随而来 - And before long, the race to dominate the land would begin.
不久之后 主宰陆地的竞赛将揭开帷幕 - [The End]
[本集结束]
我们星球上的生命 第一季 第二集 Life on Our Planet S01E02 第一前线
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